Soka Gakkai International | Soka Gakkai International |
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| Written by Achille Falzone | |
| marted́, 24 maggio 2005 | |
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Soka Gakkai International (SGI) is a Buddhist association with more than 12 million members in 186 countries and territories worldwide. For SGI members, Buddhism is a practical philosophy of individual empowerment and inner transformation that enables people to develop themselves and take responsibility for their lives. As lay believers and "engaged Buddhists," SGI members strive in their everyday lives to develop the ability to live with confidence, to create value in any circumstances and to contribute to the well-being of friends, family and community. The promotion of peace, culture and education is central to SGI's activities. PreambleWe, the constituent organizations and members of the Soka Gakkai International (hereinafter called "SGI"), embrace the fundamental aim and mission of contributing to peace, culture and education based on the philosophy and ideals of the Buddhism of Nichiren Daishonin.We recognize that at no time in history has humankind experienced such an intense juxtaposition of war and peace, discrimination and equality, poverty and abundance as in the twentieth century; that the development of increasingly sophisticated military technology, exemplified by nuclear weapons, has created a situation where the very survival of the human species hangs in the balance; that the reality of violent ethnic and religious discrimination presents an unending cycle of conflict; that humanity's egoism and intemperance have engendered global problems, including degradation of the natural environment and widening economic chasms between developed and developing nations, with serious repercussions for humankind's collective future.We belive that Nichiren Daishonin's Buddhism, a humanistic philosophy of infinite respect for the sanctity of life and all-encompassing compassion, enables individuals to cultivate and bring forth their inherent wisdom and, nurturing the creativity of the human spirit, to surmount the difficulties and crises facing humankind and realize a society of peaceful and prosperous coexistence. We, the constituent organizations and members of SGI, therefore, being determined to raise high the banner of world citizenship, the spirit of tolerance, and respect for human rights based on the humanistic spirit of Buddhism, and to challenge the global issues that face humankind through dialogue and practical efforts based on a steadfast commitment to non violence, hereby adopt this Charter, affirming the following purposes and principles:Purposes and principlesSGI shall contribute to peace, culture and education for the happiness and welfare of all humanity based on Buddhist respect for the sanctity of life.
HistoryIn 1975, in response to the needs of an increasing international membership, the Soka Gakkai International (SGI) was founded. Today SGI is a worldwide network of 12 million members in 185 countries and territories sharing a common vision for a better world. The roots of its institutional history are found in the development of the Soka Gakkai (Society for the Creation of Value) in Japan. The Soka Gakkai's seventy-year history is one of dramatic growth and challenge and one that was built by its successive presidents together with the people who were motivated by their spirit and dedication. It was conceived in 1930 as the Soka Kyoiku Gakkai, a small society of educators. Its founders, Tsunesaburo Makiguchi (1871-1944) and his protege Josei Toda (1900-1958), were inspired by Nichiren Buddhism and dedicated to educational reform. In a two-volume work published in 1930-31, Makiguchi set down the framework and principles of Soka education. He emphasized developing the learner's capacity for critical thinking over rote learning, and self-motivation over blind obedience. It was revolutionary thinking for the Japanese education system at that time. For the state, on the other hand, education like religion was a tool to deify the emperor as a living god and mobilize the nation for war. At meetings of the society, Makiguchi and Toda openly discussed the state's manipulation of religion. They warned of the disastrous turn towards war. In 1943, the state arrested members of the Society and imprisoned Makiguchi and Toda as "thought criminals." Makiguchi died there, to the end holding fast to his principles and beliefs. Amidst the ashes and chaos of postwar Japan, Toda was released finally and the Soka Gakkai was reborn. Toda expanded the organization's range of vision from education to the betterment of society as a whole. He promoted the practice of Buddhism as an accessible means of rebuilding lives and overcoming obstacles to happiness. Toda passed away in 1958 and Daisaku Ikeda became president of the Soka Gakkai in 1960 at the age of 32. Under his leadership, the organization continued to grow and broaden its focus to embrace activities in the fields of peace, culture and education. At the same time, the membership outside of Japan is growing. To serve the needs of the international membership and to expand its commitment to the welfare of humanity on a global scale, the SGI was founded in 1975. Today, members of the SGI strive to contribute to their respective societies as responsible citizens cherishing the global vision of a peaceful world. |